Pharma
Drug : Any product that is used or intended to be used to modify the physiological systems for the patient.
Routes of Drug Administration
| Systemic | Local |
|---|---|
| Oral | Topical |
| Sublingual | Deeper tissue |
| Rectal | Arterial Supply |
| Inhalation | |
| Parental |
Advantages of Systemic Routes : For generalized treatment. Can reach at non-accessible sites.
Disadvantages of Systemic Routes : Whole body gets exposed to drug. Higher dose required to achieve desired concentration at site of action.
FPM : First Pass Metabolism
Dosage Forms
- Solids : Tablets, Capsules, Suppositories, Powders.
- Semi-Solids : Pastes, Ointments, Jellies.
- Liquids : Syrups, Solutions, Mixtures, Elixir, Emulsion, Suspension, Lotion, Enema, Gargles, Drops.
- Gases : aerosols, Medical Gases.
- Poultice : Only for swelling part (Cataplasm) Inflammations.
Advantages of Parental Route : Directly into tissue fluid or blood. Faster & Surer Action. No GI Irritation. Can be given to unconscious patients.
Disadvantages of Parental Route : Sterile. Painful. Costly.
Advantages of Local Route : At Desired Site.
Topical Dosage Forms :
Skin - Cream, Ointment, Lotion.
Eye/Ear - Drops, Ointment.
Nose - Nasal Spray.
Mouth - Mouth Washes.
Pharynx - Gargles, Lozenges.
Vagina - Vaginal Tablets.
Anal - Ointment, Suppositories.
Common Terminology Associated with Disease :
- Acute : Any Disease which need immediate treatment.
- Chronic : Long-Term Diseases. Which is life time.
- Acquired : Disorder which develops after birth.
- Congenital : One is born with it.